Duloxetine Intermediate Market Dynamics 2021-2031
Duloxetine intermediate is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is usually intended for treating major depressive disorder (MDD), stress urinary incontinence in women, and other chronic ailments. It is available as a generic medicine.
MARKET DYNAMICS
The duloxetine intermediate market is driving due to growing predominance of major depressive disorder (MDD), developing significance of generics. However, rising medicinal services cost and negative medication value control strategies will hamper its growth. Moreover, high usage of duloxetine intermediates in emerging nations is expected to provide opportunities in the global duloxetine intermediate market.
MARKET SCOPE
The "Duloxetine Intermediate Market Analysis to 2031" is a specialized and in-depth study of the healthcare industry with a special focus on the global market trend analysis. The report aims to provide an overview of duloxetine intermediate market with detailed market segmentation by application and distribution channel. The duloxetine intermediate market is expected to witness high growth during the forecast period. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the leading players in duloxetine intermediate market and offers key trends and opportunities in the market.
MARKET SEGMENTATION
The duloxetine intermediate market is segmented based on application and distribution channel. Based on application, the market is segmented into depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, neuropathic pain, chronic musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, others. Based on distribution channel, the market is segmented as hospital pharmacy, online pharmacy, retail pharmacy.
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
The report provides a detailed overview of the industry including both qualitative and quantitative information. It provides overview and forecast of the duloxetine intermediate market based on various segments. It also provides market size and forecast estimates from year 2021 to 2031 with respect to five major regions, namely; North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South & Central America. The duloxetine intermediate market by each region is later sub-segmented by respective countries and segments. The report covers analysis and forecast of 18 countries globally along with current trend and opportunities prevailing in the region.
The report analyzes factors affecting Duloxetine intermediate market from both demand and supply side and further evaluates market dynamics affecting the market during forecast period i.e., drivers, restraints, opportunities, and future trend. The report also provides exhaustive PEST analysis for all five regions namely; North America, Europe, APAC, MEA and South & Central America after evaluating political, economic, social, and technological factors effecting the duloxetine intermediate market in these regions.
Have a question?
Mrinal
Mrinal will walk you through a 15-minute call to present the report’s content and answer all queries if you have any.
Speak to Analyst- Sample PDF showcases the content structure and the nature of the information with qualitative and quantitative analysis.
- Request discounts available for Start-Ups & Universities
The report provides a detailed overview of the industry including both qualitative and quantitative information. It provides overview and forecast of the duloxetine intermediate market based on various segments. It also provides market size and forecast estimates from year 2021 to 2031 with respect to five major regions, namely; North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South & Central America. The duloxetine intermediate market by each region is later sub-segmented by respective countries and segments. The report covers analysis and forecast of 18 countries globally along with current trend and opportunities prevailing in the region.
The report analyzes factors affecting Duloxetine intermediate market from both demand and supply side and further evaluates market dynamics affecting the market during forecast period i.e., drivers, restraints, opportunities, and future trend. The report also provides exhaustive PEST analysis for all five regions namely; North America, Europe, APAC, MEA and South & Central America after evaluating political, economic, social, and technological factors effecting the duloxetine intermediate market in these regions.
MARKET PLAYERS
The report covers key developments in the duloxetine intermediate market as organic and inorganic growth strategies. Various companies are focusing on organic growth strategies such as product launches, product approvals and others such as patents and events. Inorganic growth strategies witnessed in the market were acquisitions, and partnership & collaborations. These activities have paved way for expansion of business and customer base of market players. The market players from duloxetine intermediate market are anticipated to have lucrative growth opportunities in the future with the rising demand for duloxetine intermediate in the global market. Below mentioned is the list of few companies engaged in the duloxetine intermediate market.
The report also includes the profiles of key players in duloxetine intermediate market along with their SWOT analysis and market strategies. In addition, the report focuses on leading industry players with information such as company profiles, components and services offered, financial information of last 3 years, key development in past five years.
- Afine Chemicals Ltd
- Shodhana Laboratories
- Arch Pharmalabs
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories
- Chiral BioSciences Ltd
- Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd
- Jiangxi Aifeimu Technology Co., Ltd
- Zhejiang Jiuzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Jigs Chemicals
- Manus Aktteva
The Insight Partner's dedicated research and analysis team consists of experienced professionals with advanced statistical expertise and offers various customization options in the existing study.
- Sample PDF showcases the content structure and the nature of the information with qualitative and quantitative analysis.
- Request discounts available for Start-Ups & Universities
Report Coverage
Revenue forecast, Company Analysis, Industry landscape, Growth factors, and Trends
Segment Covered
This text is related
to segments covered.
Regional Scope
North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, South & Central America
Country Scope
This text is related
to country scope.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.2. THE INSIGHT PARTNERS RESEARCH REPORT GUIDANCE
1.3. MARKET SEGMENTATION
1.3.1 Duloxetine Intermediate Market - By Application
1.3.2 Duloxetine Intermediate Market - By Distribution Channel
1.3.3 Duloxetine Intermediate Market - By Region
1.3.3.1 By Country
2. KEY TAKEAWAYS
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4. DULOXETINE INTERMEDIATE MARKET LANDSCAPE
4.1. OVERVIEW
4.2. PEST ANALYSIS
4.2.1 North America - Pest Analysis
4.2.2 Europe - Pest Analysis
4.2.3 Asia-Pacific - Pest Analysis
4.2.4 Middle East and Africa - Pest Analysis
4.2.5 South and Central America - Pest Analysis
4.3. EXPERT OPINIONS
5. DULOXETINE INTERMEDIATE MARKET - KEY MARKET DYNAMICS
5.1. KEY MARKET DRIVERS
5.2. KEY MARKET RESTRAINTS
5.3. KEY MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
5.4. FUTURE TRENDS
5.5. IMPACT ANALYSIS OF DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS
6. DULOXETINE INTERMEDIATE MARKET - GLOBAL MARKET ANALYSIS
6.1. DULOXETINE INTERMEDIATE - GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW
6.2. DULOXETINE INTERMEDIATE - GLOBAL MARKET AND FORECAST TO 2028
6.3. MARKET POSITIONING/MARKET SHARE
7. DULOXETINE INTERMEDIATE MARKET - REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2028 - APPLICATION
7.1. OVERVIEW
7.2. APPLICATION MARKET FORECASTS AND ANALYSIS
7.3. DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
7.3.1. Overview
7.3.2. Depressive Disorders Market Forecast and Analysis
7.4. ANXIETY DISORDERS
7.4.1. Overview
7.4.2. Anxiety disorders Market Forecast and Analysis
7.5. NEUROPATHIC PAIN
7.5.1. Overview
7.5.2. Neuropathic Pain Market Forecast and Analysis
7.6. CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN
7.6.1. Overview
7.6.2. Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Market Forecast and Analysis
7.7. FIBROMYALGIA
7.7.1. Overview
7.7.2. Fibromyalgia Market Forecast and Analysis
7.8. OTHERS
7.8.1. Overview
7.8.2. Others Market Forecast and Analysis
8. DULOXETINE INTERMEDIATE MARKET - REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2028 - DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
8.1. OVERVIEW
8.2. DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL MARKET FORECASTS AND ANALYSIS
8.3. HOSPITAL PHARMACY
8.3.1. Overview
8.3.2. Hospital Pharmacy Market Forecast and Analysis
8.4. ONLINE PHARMACY
8.4.1. Overview
8.4.2. Online Pharmacy Market Forecast and Analysis
8.5. RETAIL PHARMACY
8.5.1. Overview
8.5.2. Retail Pharmacy Market Forecast and Analysis
9. DULOXETINE INTERMEDIATE MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2028 - GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
9.1. NORTH AMERICA
9.1.1 North America Duloxetine Intermediate Market Overview
9.1.2 North America Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis
9.1.3 North America Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Application
9.1.4 North America Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Distribution Channel
9.1.5 North America Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Countries
9.1.5.1 United States Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.1.5.1.1 United States Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.1.5.1.2 United States Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.1.5.2 Canada Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.1.5.2.1 Canada Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.1.5.2.2 Canada Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.1.5.3 Mexico Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.1.5.3.1 Mexico Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.1.5.3.2 Mexico Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.2. EUROPE
9.2.1 Europe Duloxetine Intermediate Market Overview
9.2.2 Europe Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis
9.2.3 Europe Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Application
9.2.4 Europe Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Distribution Channel
9.2.5 Europe Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Countries
9.2.5.1 Germany Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.2.5.1.1 Germany Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.2.5.1.2 Germany Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.2.5.2 France Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.2.5.2.1 France Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.2.5.2.2 France Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.2.5.3 Italy Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.2.5.3.1 Italy Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.2.5.3.2 Italy Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.2.5.4 Spain Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.2.5.4.1 Spain Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.2.5.4.2 Spain Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.2.5.5 United Kingdom Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.2.5.5.1 United Kingdom Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.2.5.5.2 United Kingdom Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.2.5.6 Rest of Europe Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.2.5.6.1 Rest of Europe Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.2.5.6.2 Rest of Europe Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.3. ASIA-PACIFIC
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Duloxetine Intermediate Market Overview
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis
9.3.3 Asia-Pacific Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Application
9.3.4 Asia-Pacific Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Distribution Channel
9.3.5 Asia-Pacific Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Countries
9.3.5.1 Australia Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.3.5.1.1 Australia Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.3.5.1.2 Australia Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.3.5.2 China Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.3.5.2.1 China Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.3.5.2.2 China Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.3.5.3 India Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.3.5.3.1 India Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.3.5.3.2 India Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.3.5.4 Japan Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.3.5.4.1 Japan Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.3.5.4.2 Japan Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.3.5.5 South Korea Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.3.5.5.1 South Korea Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.3.5.5.2 South Korea Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.3.5.6 Rest of Asia-Pacific Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.3.5.6.1 Rest of Asia-Pacific Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.3.5.6.2 Rest of Asia-Pacific Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.4. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA
9.4.1 Middle East and Africa Duloxetine Intermediate Market Overview
9.4.2 Middle East and Africa Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis
9.4.3 Middle East and Africa Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Application
9.4.4 Middle East and Africa Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Distribution Channel
9.4.5 Middle East and Africa Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Countries
9.4.5.1 South Africa Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.4.5.1.1 South Africa Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.4.5.1.2 South Africa Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.4.5.2 Saudi Arabia Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.4.5.2.1 Saudi Arabia Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.4.5.2.2 Saudi Arabia Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.4.5.3 U.A.E Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.4.5.3.1 U.A.E Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.4.5.3.2 U.A.E Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.4.5.4 Rest of Middle East and Africa Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.4.5.4.1 Rest of Middle East and Africa Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.4.5.4.2 Rest of Middle East and Africa Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.5. SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
9.5.1 South and Central America Duloxetine Intermediate Market Overview
9.5.2 South and Central America Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis
9.5.3 South and Central America Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Application
9.5.4 South and Central America Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Distribution Channel
9.5.5 South and Central America Duloxetine Intermediate Market Forecasts and Analysis - By Countries
9.5.5.1 Brazil Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.5.5.1.1 Brazil Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.5.5.1.2 Brazil Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.5.5.2 Argentina Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.5.5.2.1 Argentina Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.5.5.2.2 Argentina Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
9.5.5.3 Rest of South and Central America Duloxetine Intermediate Market
9.5.5.3.1 Rest of South and Central America Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Application
9.5.5.3.2 Rest of South and Central America Duloxetine Intermediate Market by Distribution Channel
10. IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON GLOBAL DULOXETINE INTERMEDIATE MARKET
10.1 North America
10.2 Europe
10.3 Asia-Pacific
10.4 Middle East and Africa
10.5 South and Central America
11. INDUSTRY LANDSCAPE
11.1. MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
11.2. AGREEMENTS, COLLABORATIONS AND JOIN VENTURES
11.3. NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHES
11.4. EXPANSIONS AND OTHER STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS
12. DULOXETINE INTERMEDIATE MARKET, KEY COMPANY PROFILES
12.1. AFINE CHEMICALS LTD
12.1.1. Key Facts
12.1.2. Business Description
12.1.3. Products and Services
12.1.4. Financial Overview
12.1.5. SWOT Analysis
12.1.6. Key Developments
12.2. SHODHANA LABORATORIES
12.2.1. Key Facts
12.2.2. Business Description
12.2.3. Products and Services
12.2.4. Financial Overview
12.2.5. SWOT Analysis
12.2.6. Key Developments
12.3. ARCH PHARMALABS
12.3.1. Key Facts
12.3.2. Business Description
12.3.3. Products and Services
12.3.4. Financial Overview
12.3.5. SWOT Analysis
12.3.6. Key Developments
12.4. DR. REDDY'S LABORATORIES
12.4.1. Key Facts
12.4.2. Business Description
12.4.3. Products and Services
12.4.4. Financial Overview
12.4.5. SWOT Analysis
12.4.6. Key Developments
12.5. CHIRAL BIOSCIENCES LTD
12.5.1. Key Facts
12.5.2. Business Description
12.5.3. Products and Services
12.5.4. Financial Overview
12.5.5. SWOT Analysis
12.5.6. Key Developments
12.6. TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD
12.6.1. Key Facts
12.6.2. Business Description
12.6.3. Products and Services
12.6.4. Financial Overview
12.6.5. SWOT Analysis
12.6.6. Key Developments
12.7. JIANGXI AIFEIMU TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD
12.7.1. Key Facts
12.7.2. Business Description
12.7.3. Products and Services
12.7.4. Financial Overview
12.7.5. SWOT Analysis
12.7.6. Key Developments
12.8. ZHEJIANG JIUZHOU PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD
12.8.1. Key Facts
12.8.2. Business Description
12.8.3. Products and Services
12.8.4. Financial Overview
12.8.5. SWOT Analysis
12.8.6. Key Developments
12.9. JIGS CHEMICALS
12.9.1. Key Facts
12.9.2. Business Description
12.9.3. Products and Services
12.9.4. Financial Overview
12.9.5. SWOT Analysis
12.9.6. Key Developments
12.10. MANUS AKTTEVA
12.10.1. Key Facts
12.10.2. Business Description
12.10.3. Products and Services
12.10.4. Financial Overview
12.10.5. SWOT Analysis
12.10.6. Key Developments
13. APPENDIX
13.1. ABOUT THE INSIGHT PARTNERS
13.2. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1. Afine Chemicals Ltd
2. Shodhana Laboratories
3. Arch Pharmalabs
4. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories
5. Chiral BioSciences Ltd
6. Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd
7. Jiangxi Aifeimu Technology Co., Ltd
8. Zhejiang Jiuzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
9. Jigs Chemicals
10. Manus Aktteva
11. Transo-Pharm
12. Metrochem
13. Aarti Industries Ltd.
14. Chempro Pharma Private Limited
15. Eli Lilly and Company
The Insight Partners performs research in 4 major stages: Data Collection & Secondary Research, Primary Research, Data Analysis and Data Triangulation & Final Review.
- Data Collection and Secondary Research:
As a market research and consulting firm operating from a decade, we have published many reports and advised several clients across the globe. First step for any study will start with an assessment of currently available data and insights from existing reports. Further, historical and current market information is collected from Investor Presentations, Annual Reports, SEC Filings, etc., and other information related to company’s performance and market positioning are gathered from Paid Databases (Factiva, Hoovers, and Reuters) and various other publications available in public domain.
Several associations trade associates, technical forums, institutes, societies and organizations are accessed to gain technical as well as market related insights through their publications such as research papers, blogs and press releases related to the studies are referred to get cues about the market. Further, white papers, journals, magazines, and other news articles published in the last 3 years are scrutinized and analyzed to understand the current market trends.
- Primary Research:
The primarily interview analysis comprise of data obtained from industry participants interview and answers to survey questions gathered by in-house primary team.
For primary research, interviews are conducted with industry experts/CEOs/Marketing Managers/Sales Managers/VPs/Subject Matter Experts from both demand and supply side to get a 360-degree view of the market. The primary team conducts several interviews based on the complexity of the markets to understand the various market trends and dynamics which makes research more credible and precise.
A typical research interview fulfils the following functions:
- Provides first-hand information on the market size, market trends, growth trends, competitive landscape, and outlook
- Validates and strengthens in-house secondary research findings
- Develops the analysis team’s expertise and market understanding
Primary research involves email interactions and telephone interviews for each market, category, segment, and sub-segment across geographies. The participants who typically take part in such a process include, but are not limited to:
- Industry participants: VPs, business development managers, market intelligence managers and national sales managers
- Outside experts: Valuation experts, research analysts and key opinion leaders specializing in the electronics and semiconductor industry.
Below is the breakup of our primary respondents by company, designation, and region:
Once we receive the confirmation from primary research sources or primary respondents, we finalize the base year market estimation and forecast the data as per the macroeconomic and microeconomic factors assessed during data collection.
- Data Analysis:
Once data is validated through both secondary as well as primary respondents, we finalize the market estimations by hypothesis formulation and factor analysis at regional and country level.
- 3.1 Macro-Economic Factor Analysis:
We analyse macroeconomic indicators such the gross domestic product (GDP), increase in the demand for goods and services across industries, technological advancement, regional economic growth, governmental policies, the influence of COVID-19, PEST analysis, and other aspects. This analysis aids in setting benchmarks for various nations/regions and approximating market splits. Additionally, the general trend of the aforementioned components aid in determining the market's development possibilities.
- 3.2 Country Level Data:
Various factors that are especially aligned to the country are taken into account to determine the market size for a certain area and country, including the presence of vendors, such as headquarters and offices, the country's GDP, demand patterns, and industry growth. To comprehend the market dynamics for the nation, a number of growth variables, inhibitors, application areas, and current market trends are researched. The aforementioned elements aid in determining the country's overall market's growth potential.
- 3.3 Company Profile:
The “Table of Contents” is formulated by listing and analyzing more than 25 - 30 companies operating in the market ecosystem across geographies. However, we profile only 10 companies as a standard practice in our syndicate reports. These 10 companies comprise leading, emerging, and regional players. Nonetheless, our analysis is not restricted to the 10 listed companies, we also analyze other companies present in the market to develop a holistic view and understand the prevailing trends. The “Company Profiles” section in the report covers key facts, business description, products & services, financial information, SWOT analysis, and key developments. The financial information presented is extracted from the annual reports and official documents of the publicly listed companies. Upon collecting the information for the sections of respective companies, we verify them via various primary sources and then compile the data in respective company profiles. The company level information helps us in deriving the base number as well as in forecasting the market size.
- 3.4 Developing Base Number:
Aggregation of sales statistics (2020-2022) and macro-economic factor, and other secondary and primary research insights are utilized to arrive at base number and related market shares for 2022. The data gaps are identified in this step and relevant market data is analyzed, collected from paid primary interviews or databases. On finalizing the base year market size, forecasts are developed on the basis of macro-economic, industry and market growth factors and company level analysis.
- Data Triangulation and Final Review:
The market findings and base year market size calculations are validated from supply as well as demand side. Demand side validations are based on macro-economic factor analysis and benchmarks for respective regions and countries. In case of supply side validations, revenues of major companies are estimated (in case not available) based on industry benchmark, approximate number of employees, product portfolio, and primary interviews revenues are gathered. Further revenue from target product/service segment is assessed to avoid overshooting of market statistics. In case of heavy deviations between supply and demand side values, all thes steps are repeated to achieve synchronization.
We follow an iterative model, wherein we share our research findings with Subject Matter Experts (SME’s) and Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) until consensus view of the market is not formulated – this model negates any drastic deviation in the opinions of experts. Only validated and universally acceptable research findings are quoted in our reports.
We have important check points that we use to validate our research findings – which we call – data triangulation, where we validate the information, we generate from secondary sources with primary interviews and then we re-validate with our internal data bases and Subject matter experts. This comprehensive model enables us to deliver high quality, reliable data in shortest possible time.